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UART

Overview

API Reference

group uart_interface

UART Interface.

Typedefs

typedef void (*uart_callback_t)(const struct device *dev, struct uart_event *evt, void *user_data)

Define the application callback function signature for uart_callback_set() function.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • evt – Pointer to uart_event structure.

  • user_data – Pointer to data specified by user.

typedef void (*uart_irq_callback_user_data_t)(const struct device *dev, void *user_data)

Define the application callback function signature for uart_irq_callback_user_data_set() function.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • user_data – Arbitrary user data.

typedef void (*uart_irq_config_func_t)(const struct device *dev)

For configuring IRQ on each individual UART device.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Enums

enum uart_line_ctrl

Line control signals.

Values:

enumerator UART_LINE_CTRL_BAUD_RATE = BIT(0)
enumerator UART_LINE_CTRL_RTS = BIT(1)
enumerator UART_LINE_CTRL_DTR = BIT(2)
enumerator UART_LINE_CTRL_DCD = BIT(3)
enumerator UART_LINE_CTRL_DSR = BIT(4)
enum uart_event_type

Types of events passed to callback in UART_ASYNC_API.

Receiving:

  1. To start receiving, uart_rx_enable has to be called with first buffer

  2. When receiving starts to current buffer, uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_REQUEST will be generated, in response to that user can either:

    • Provide second buffer using uart_rx_buf_rsp, when first buffer is filled, receiving will automatically start to second buffer.

    • Ignore the event, this way when current buffer is filled uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event will be generated and receiving will be stopped.

  3. If some data was received and timeout occurred uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event will be generated. It can happen multiples times for the same buffer. RX timeout is counted from last byte received i.e. if no data was received, there won’t be any timeout event.

  4. After buffer is filled uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY will be generated, immediately followed by uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED indicating that current buffer is no longer used.

  5. If there was second buffer provided, it will become current buffer and we start again at point 2. If no second buffer was specified receiving is stopped and uart_event_type::UART_RX_DISABLED event is generated. After that whole process can be repeated.

Any time during reception uart_event_type::UART_RX_STOPPED event can occur. if there is any data received, uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event will be generated. It will be followed by uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED event for every buffer currently passed to driver and finally by uart_event_type::UART_RX_DISABLED event.

Receiving can be disabled using uart_rx_disable, after calling that function, if there is any data received, uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event will be generated. uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED event will be generated for every buffer currently passed to driver and finally uart_event_type::UART_RX_DISABLED event will occur.

Transmitting:

  1. Transmitting starts by uart_tx function.

  2. If whole buffer was transmitted uart_event_type::UART_TX_DONE is generated. If timeout occurred uart_event_type::UART_TX_ABORTED will be generated.

Transmitting can be aborted using uart_tx_abort, after calling that function uart_event_type::UART_TX_ABORTED event will be generated.

Values:

enumerator UART_TX_DONE

Whole TX buffer was transmitted.

enumerator UART_TX_ABORTED

Transmitting aborted due to timeout or uart_tx_abort call.

When flow control is enabled, there is a possibility that TX transfer won’t finish in the allotted time. Some data may have been transferred, information about it can be found in event data.

enumerator UART_RX_RDY

Received data is ready for processing.

This event is generated in the following cases:

  • When RX timeout occurred, and data was stored in provided buffer. This can happen multiple times in the same buffer.

  • When provided buffer is full.

  • After uart_rx_disable().

  • After stopping due to external event (uart_event_type::UART_RX_STOPPED).

enumerator UART_RX_BUF_REQUEST

Driver requests next buffer for continuous reception.

This event is triggered when receiving has started for a new buffer, i.e. it’s time to provide a next buffer for a seamless switchover to it. For continuous reliable receiving, user should provide another RX buffer in response to this event, using uart_rx_buf_rsp function

If uart_rx_buf_rsp is not called before current buffer is filled up, receiving will stop.

enumerator UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED

Buffer is no longer used by UART driver.

enumerator UART_RX_DISABLED

RX has been disabled and can be reenabled.

This event is generated whenever receiver has been stopped, disabled or finished its operation and can be enabled again using uart_rx_enable

enumerator UART_RX_STOPPED

RX has stopped due to external event.

Reason is one of uart_rx_stop_reason.

enum uart_rx_stop_reason

Reception stop reasons.

Values that correspond to events or errors responsible for stopping receiving.

Values:

enumerator UART_ERROR_OVERRUN = (1 << 0)

Overrun error.

enumerator UART_ERROR_PARITY = (1 << 1)

Parity error.

enumerator UART_ERROR_FRAMING = (1 << 2)

Framing error.

enumerator UART_BREAK = (1 << 3)

Break interrupt.

A break interrupt was received. This happens when the serial input is held at a logic ‘0’ state for longer than the sum of start time + data bits + parity + stop bits.

enumerator UART_ERROR_COLLISION = (1 << 4)

Collision error.

This error is raised when transmitted data does not match received data. Typically this is useful in scenarios where the TX and RX lines maybe connected together such as RS-485 half-duplex. This error is only valid on UARTs that support collision checking.

enum uart_config_parity

Parity modes.

Values:

enumerator UART_CFG_PARITY_NONE
enumerator UART_CFG_PARITY_ODD
enumerator UART_CFG_PARITY_EVEN
enumerator UART_CFG_PARITY_MARK
enumerator UART_CFG_PARITY_SPACE
enum uart_config_stop_bits

Number of stop bits.

Values:

enumerator UART_CFG_STOP_BITS_0_5
enumerator UART_CFG_STOP_BITS_1
enumerator UART_CFG_STOP_BITS_1_5
enumerator UART_CFG_STOP_BITS_2
enum uart_config_data_bits

Number of data bits.

Values:

enumerator UART_CFG_DATA_BITS_5
enumerator UART_CFG_DATA_BITS_6
enumerator UART_CFG_DATA_BITS_7
enumerator UART_CFG_DATA_BITS_8
enumerator UART_CFG_DATA_BITS_9
enum uart_config_flow_control

Hardware flow control options.

With flow control set to none, any operations related to flow control signals can be managed by user with uart_line_ctrl functions. In other cases, flow control is managed by hardware/driver.

Values:

enumerator UART_CFG_FLOW_CTRL_NONE
enumerator UART_CFG_FLOW_CTRL_RTS_CTS
enumerator UART_CFG_FLOW_CTRL_DTR_DSR

Functions

static inline int uart_callback_set(const struct device *dev, uart_callback_t callback, void *user_data)

Set event handler function.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • callback – Event handler.

  • user_data – Data to pass to event handler function.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If not supported.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

int uart_tx(const struct device *dev, const uint8_t *buf, size_t len, int32_t timeout)

Send given number of bytes from buffer through UART.

Function returns immediately and event handler, set using uart_callback_set, is called after transfer is finished.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • buf – Pointer to transmit buffer.

  • len – Length of transmit buffer.

  • timeout – Timeout in milliseconds. Valid only if flow control is enabled. SYS_FOREVER_MS disables timeout.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If not supported.

  • -EBUSY – There is already an ongoing transfer.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

int uart_tx_abort(const struct device *dev)

Abort current TX transmission.

uart_event_type::UART_TX_DONE event will be generated with amount of data sent.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If not supported.

  • -EFAULT – There is no active transmission.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

int uart_rx_enable(const struct device *dev, uint8_t *buf, size_t len, int32_t timeout)

Start receiving data through UART.

Function sets given buffer as first buffer for receiving and returns immediately. After that event handler, set using uart_callback_set, is called with uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY or uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_REQUEST events.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • buf – Pointer to receive buffer.

  • len – Buffer length.

  • timeout – Inactivity period after receiving at least a byte which triggers uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event. Given in milliseconds. SYS_FOREVER_MS disables timeout. See uart_event_type for details.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If not supported.

  • -EBUSY – RX already in progress.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

static inline int uart_rx_buf_rsp(const struct device *dev, uint8_t *buf, size_t len)

Provide receive buffer in response to uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_REQUEST event.

Provide pointer to RX buffer, which will be used when current buffer is filled.

Note

Providing buffer that is already in usage by driver leads to undefined behavior. Buffer can be reused when it has been released by driver.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • buf – Pointer to receive buffer.

  • len – Buffer length.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If not supported.

  • -EBUSY – Next buffer already set.

  • -EACCES – Receiver is already disabled (function called too late?).

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

int uart_rx_disable(const struct device *dev)

Disable RX.

uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED event will be generated for every buffer scheduled, after that uart_event_type::UART_RX_DISABLED event will be generated. Additionally, if there is any pending received data, the uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event for that data will be generated before the uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED events.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If not supported.

  • -EFAULT – There is no active reception.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

int uart_err_check(const struct device *dev)

Check whether an error was detected.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • uart_rx_stop_reason – If error during receiving occurred.

  • 0 – Otherwise.

int uart_poll_in(const struct device *dev, unsigned char *p_char)

Poll the device for input.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • p_char – Pointer to character.

Returns

  • 0 – If a character arrived.

  • -1 – If no character was available to read (i.e., the UART input buffer was empty).

  • -ENOTSUP – If the operation is not supported.

  • -EBUSY – If reception was enabled using uart_rx_enabled

void uart_poll_out(const struct device *dev, unsigned char out_char)

Output a character in polled mode.

This routine checks if the transmitter is empty. When the transmitter is empty, it writes a character to the data register.

To send a character when hardware flow control is enabled, the handshake signal CTS must be asserted.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • out_char – Character to send.

int uart_configure(const struct device *dev, const struct uart_config *cfg)

Set UART configuration.

Sets UART configuration using data from *cfg.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • cfg – UART configuration structure.

Returns

  • -ENOSYS – If configuration is not supported by device. or driver does not support setting configuration in runtime.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

int uart_config_get(const struct device *dev, struct uart_config *cfg)

Get UART configuration.

Stores current UART configuration to *cfg, can be used to retrieve initial configuration after device was initialized using data from DTS.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • cfg – UART configuration structure.

Returns

  • -ENOTSUP – If driver does not support getting current configuration.

  • 0 – If successful, negative errno code otherwise.

static inline int uart_fifo_fill(const struct device *dev, const uint8_t *tx_data, int size)

Fill FIFO with data.

This function is expected to be called from UART interrupt handler (ISR), if uart_irq_tx_ready() returns true. Result of calling this function not from an ISR is undefined (hardware-dependent). Likewise, not calling this function from an ISR if uart_irq_tx_ready() returns true may lead to undefined behavior, e.g. infinite interrupt loops. It’s mandatory to test return value of this function, as different hardware has different FIFO depth (oftentimes just 1).

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • tx_data – Data to transmit.

  • size – Number of bytes to send.

Returns

Number of bytes sent.

static inline int uart_fifo_read(const struct device *dev, uint8_t *rx_data, const int size)

Read data from FIFO.

This function is expected to be called from UART interrupt handler (ISR), if uart_irq_rx_ready() returns true. Result of calling this function not from an ISR is undefined (hardware-dependent). It’s unspecified whether “RX ready” condition as returned by uart_irq_rx_ready() is level- or edge- triggered. That means that once uart_irq_rx_ready() is detected, uart_fifo_read() must be called until it reads all available data in the FIFO (i.e. until it returns less data than was requested).

Note that the calling context only applies to physical UARTs and no to the virtual ones found in USB CDC ACM code.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • rx_data – Data container.

  • size – Container size.

Returns

Number of bytes read.

void uart_irq_tx_enable(const struct device *dev)

Enable TX interrupt in IER.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

N/A

void uart_irq_tx_disable(const struct device *dev)

Disable TX interrupt in IER.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

N/A

static inline int uart_irq_tx_ready(const struct device *dev)

Check if UART TX buffer can accept a new char.

Check if UART TX buffer can accept at least one character for transmission (i.e. uart_fifo_fill() will succeed and return non-zero). This function must be called in a UART interrupt handler, or its result is undefined. Before calling this function in the interrupt handler, uart_irq_update() must be called once per the handler invocation.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • 1 – If at least one char can be written to UART.

  • 0 – Otherwise.

void uart_irq_rx_enable(const struct device *dev)

Enable RX interrupt.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

N/A

void uart_irq_rx_disable(const struct device *dev)

Disable RX interrupt.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

N/A

static inline int uart_irq_tx_complete(const struct device *dev)

Check if UART TX block finished transmission.

Check if any outgoing data buffered in UART TX block was fully transmitted and TX block is idle. When this condition is true, UART device (or whole system) can be power off. Note that this function is not useful to check if UART TX can accept more data, use uart_irq_tx_ready() for that. This function must be called in a UART interrupt handler, or its result is undefined. Before calling this function in the interrupt handler, uart_irq_update() must be called once per the handler invocation.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • 1 – If nothing remains to be transmitted.

  • 0 – Otherwise.

  • -ENOTSUP – if this function is not supported

static inline int uart_irq_rx_ready(const struct device *dev)

Check if UART RX buffer has a received char.

Check if UART RX buffer has at least one pending character (i.e. uart_fifo_read() will succeed and return non-zero). This function must be called in a UART interrupt handler, or its result is undefined. Before calling this function in the interrupt handler, uart_irq_update() must be called once per the handler invocation. It’s unspecified whether condition as returned by this function is level- or edge- triggered (i.e. if this function returns true when RX FIFO is non-empty, or when a new char was received since last call to it). See description of uart_fifo_read() for implication of this.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • 1 – If a received char is ready.

  • 0 – Otherwise.

  • -ENOTSUP – if this function is not supported

void uart_irq_err_enable(const struct device *dev)

Enable error interrupt.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

N/A

void uart_irq_err_disable(const struct device *dev)

Disable error interrupt.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • 1 – If an IRQ is ready.

  • 0 – Otherwise.

int uart_irq_is_pending(const struct device *dev)

Check if any IRQs is pending.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

  • 1 – If an IRQ is pending.

  • 0 – Otherwise.

int uart_irq_update(const struct device *dev)

Start processing interrupts in ISR.

This function should be called the first thing in the ISR. Calling uart_irq_rx_ready(), uart_irq_tx_ready(), uart_irq_tx_complete() allowed only after this.

The purpose of this function is:

  • For devices with auto-acknowledge of interrupt status on register read to cache the value of this register (rx_ready, etc. then use this case).

  • For devices with explicit acknowledgement of interrupts, to ack any pending interrupts and likewise to cache the original value.

  • For devices with implicit acknowledgement, this function will be empty. But the ISR must perform the actions needs to ack the interrupts (usually, call uart_fifo_read() on rx_ready, and uart_fifo_fill() on tx_ready).

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

Returns

1 – Always.

static inline void uart_irq_callback_user_data_set(const struct device *dev, uart_irq_callback_user_data_t cb, void *user_data)

Set the IRQ callback function pointer.

This sets up the callback for IRQ. When an IRQ is triggered, the specified function will be called with specified user data. See description of uart_irq_update() for the requirements on ISR.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • cb – Pointer to the callback function.

  • user_data – Data to pass to callback function.

Returns

N/A

static inline void uart_irq_callback_set(const struct device *dev, uart_irq_callback_user_data_t cb)

Set the IRQ callback function pointer (legacy).

This sets up the callback for IRQ. When an IRQ is triggered, the specified function will be called with the device pointer.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • cb – Pointer to the callback function.

Returns

N/A

int uart_line_ctrl_set(const struct device *dev, uint32_t ctrl, uint32_t val)

Manipulate line control for UART.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • ctrl – The line control to manipulate (see enum uart_line_ctrl).

  • val – Value to set to the line control.

Returns

  • 0 – If successful.

  • failed – Otherwise.

int uart_line_ctrl_get(const struct device *dev, uint32_t ctrl, uint32_t *val)

Retrieve line control for UART.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • ctrl – The line control to retrieve (see enum uart_line_ctrl).

  • val – Pointer to variable where to store the line control value.

Returns

  • 0 – If successful.

  • failed – Otherwise.

int uart_drv_cmd(const struct device *dev, uint32_t cmd, uint32_t p)

Send extra command to driver.

Implementation and accepted commands are driver specific. Refer to the drivers for more information.

Parameters

  • dev – UART device structure.

  • cmd – Command to driver.

  • p – Parameter to the command.

Returns

  • 0 – If successful.

  • failed – Otherwise.

struct uart_event_tx
#include <uart.h>

UART TX event data.

Public Members

const uint8_t *buf

Pointer to current buffer.

size_t len

Number of bytes sent.

struct uart_event_rx
#include <uart.h>

UART RX event data.

The data represented by the event is stored in rx.buf[rx.offset] to rx.buf[rx.offset+rx.len]. That is, the length is relative to the offset.

Public Members

uint8_t *buf

Pointer to current buffer.

size_t offset

Currently received data offset in bytes.

size_t len

Number of new bytes received.

struct uart_event_rx_buf
#include <uart.h>

UART RX buffer released event data.

struct uart_event_rx_stop
#include <uart.h>

UART RX stopped data.

Public Members

enum uart_rx_stop_reason reason

Reason why receiving stopped.

struct uart_event_rx data

Last received data.

struct uart_event
#include <uart.h>

Structure containing information about current event.

Public Members

enum uart_event_type type

Type of event.

union uart_event_data
#include <uart.h>

Event data.

Public Members

struct uart_event_tx tx

uart_event_type::UART_TX_DONE and uart_event_type::UART_TX_ABORTED events data.

struct uart_event_rx rx

uart_event_type::UART_RX_RDY event data.

struct uart_event_rx_buf rx_buf

uart_event_type::UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED event data.

struct uart_event_rx_stop rx_stop

uart_event_type::UART_RX_STOPPED event data.

struct uart_config
#include <uart.h>

UART controller configuration structure.

Parameters
struct uart_device_config
#include <uart.h>

UART device configuration.

Parameters

  • port – Base port number

  • base – Memory mapped base address

  • regs – Register address

  • sys_clk_freq – System clock frequency in Hz

struct uart_driver_api
#include <uart.h>

Driver API structure.

Public Members

int (*poll_in)(const struct device *dev, unsigned char *p_char)

Console I/O function

int (*err_check)(const struct device *dev)

Console I/O function

int (*configure)(const struct device *dev, const struct uart_config *cfg)

UART configuration functions

int (*fifo_fill)(const struct device *dev, const uint8_t *tx_data, int len)

Interrupt driven FIFO fill function

int (*fifo_read)(const struct device *dev, uint8_t *rx_data, const int size)

Interrupt driven FIFO read function

void (*irq_tx_enable)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven transfer enabling function

void (*irq_tx_disable)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven transfer disabling function

int (*irq_tx_ready)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven transfer ready function

void (*irq_rx_enable)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven receiver enabling function

void (*irq_rx_disable)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven receiver disabling function

int (*irq_tx_complete)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven transfer complete function

int (*irq_rx_ready)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven receiver ready function

void (*irq_err_enable)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven error enabling function

void (*irq_err_disable)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven error disabling function

int (*irq_is_pending)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven pending status function

int (*irq_update)(const struct device *dev)

Interrupt driven interrupt update function

void (*irq_callback_set)(const struct device *dev, uart_irq_callback_user_data_t cb, void *user_data)

Set the irq callback function